The Foundations A-Z lesson plans teach these core literacy
components together - skills are not taught in isolation.
The Foundations A-Z lesson plans teach these core literacy
components together - skills are not taught in isolation.
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Modified from National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. (2000). Teaching children to read: An evidence-based assessment of the scientific research literature on reading and its implications for reading instruction. Report of the National Reading Panel. (00-4769). https://www.nichd.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/pubs/nrp/Documents/report.pdf
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Decoding is the ability to apply one’s knowledge of letter-sound relationships, including knowledge of letter patterns, to correctly pronounce written words.
Phonological Awareness is the ability to recognize and work with sounds in spoken language.
Sight Recognition is knowing a word by sight without having to decode it. Sight recognition includes knowing a word’s meaning in context.
Working on Vocabulary includes learning the meanings of words, understanding the connection between words, and using words to express understanding.
Background Knowledge refers to facts, concepts, and experiences specific to situations and information presented in text or during a discussion.
Language Structures refers to syntax and semantics. Syntax speaks to a language system that has everything to do with how word order is used to convey meaning. Semantics is about the way words are used to convey meaning.
Literacy Knowledge refers to the understanding of how conventions, the patterns, and organization are all used to convey meaning in print, including the idea that different genres serve different purposes in terms of conveying ideas.
Verbal Reasoning involves students thinking deeply about texts while also thinking outside of the text to draw inferences and integrate information. It also requires background knowledge and understanding of language structures.
Generating Ideas, Gathering Information
Writing Process: Planning, Drafting, Evaluating, Revising, Editing
Syntax is the knowledge of how words and phrases are put together to construct clear sentences. Syntactical awareness includes grammar, sentence elaboration, and punctuation.
Writing A–Z Grammar Packs include instructional grammar videos (parts of speech, sentences, and punctuation) and practice activities that students complete independently.
Grammar and Syntactic Awareness
Sentence Elaboration
Punctuation
Text structure refers to the ways authors organize information in the text. Each genre has a different structure, elements, and patterns of organization.
Narrative, Informational, and Opinion Text Structures
Genre-specific, Customizable Graphic Organizers
Linking and Transition Words
Writing craft defines the techniques writers use to meet the needs of their audience through the decisions they make regarding word choice, use of literary devices, figurative language, perspective, point of view, and writing voice or style.
Within Writing A-Z for grades 3-5, each module includes two revision lessons to provide extra instruction with strategies that strengthen students’ writing.
Word Choice
Awareness of Task, Audience, and Purpose
Literary Devices
Transcription includes spelling, handwriting, and keyboarding skills. Mastery of these lower-order cognitive tasks allows students to focus on other strands of the rope.
Generating Ideas, Gathering Information
Writing Process: Planning, Drafting, Evaluating, Revising, Editing
Syntax is the knowledge of how words and phrases are put together to construct clear sentences. Syntactical awareness includes grammar, sentence elaboration, and punctuation.
Writing A–Z Grammar Packs include instructional grammar videos (parts of speech, sentences, and punctuation) and practice activities that students complete independently.
Grammar and Syntactic Awareness
Sentence Elaboration
Punctuation
Text structure refers to the ways authors organize information in the text. Each genre has a different structure, elements, and patterns of organization.
Narrative, Informational, and Opinion Text Structures
Genre-specific, Customizable Graphic Organizers
Linking and Transition Words
Writing craft defines the techniques writers use to meet the needs of their audience through the decisions they make regarding word choice, use of literary devices, figurative language, perspective, point of view, and writing voice or style.
Within Writing A-Z for grades 3-5, each module includes two revision lessons to provide extra instruction with strategies that strengthen students’ writing.
Word Choice
Awareness of Task, Audience, and Purpose
Literary Devices
Transcription includes spelling, handwriting, and keyboarding skills. Mastery of these lower-order cognitive tasks allows students to focus on other strands of the rope.
Phonemic awareness involves focusing on and manipulating individual phonemes in spoken words, as skilled readers effortlessly manipulate word sounds.
Comprehension refers to the process of understanding and interpreting what one reads. The skills required for reading comprehension to occur are complex and varied.
Vocabulary encompasses the words necessary for effective communication, including both oral (speaking and listening) and written (reading and writing) forms. Vocabulary development is crucial for text comprehension, as understanding improves when readers are familiar with most words they encounter.
Fluency refers to the capacity to read accurately, with appropriate rate and expression. If students struggle to recognize words accurately and effortlessly, it can hinder their fluency, negatively impacting reading comprehension.
Phonics explores the systematic correlation between the sound(s)(phonemes) in words we hear and the letter(s)(graphemes) that represent them.
Knowledge building is the process of developing and deepening students’ understanding of key concepts and ideas. This involves engaging students in active exploration, discussion, and reflection of texts to construct new knowledge and make meaningful connections with prior learning.